Showing posts with label Frida Kahlo. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Frida Kahlo. Show all posts

Monday, March 11, 2013

El Istmo de Tehuantepec y el vestido de tehuana.


Una Tehuana en el mercado 

El Istmo de Tehuantepec representa la distancia más corta entre el Golfo de México y el Océano Pacífico. El Istmo de Panamá es más corto pero se conecta el mar Caribe al océano Pacífico. Antes de la apertura del Canal de Panamá, era una ruta de transporte principal conocida como la Ruta de Tehuantepec. El nombre proviene del náhuatl, tecuani-tepec, que significa cerro del jaguar.  En su punto más estrecho, el istmo es de 192 km a través del Golfo de México a la Laguna Superior en la costa del Pacífico.  La Sierra Madre se convierte en una meseta, cuya altitud en el punto más alto, Chivela Pass, es de 224 m. El istmo y la brecha entre la Sierra Madre de Oaxaca y la Sierra Madre de Chiapas dividen geográficamente Norteamérica de Centroamérica. Geológicamente, la división entre la placa tectónica de Norteamérica y de Centroamérica, se encuentra en Guatemala, más al sur que el Istmo de Tehuantepec. 


The Isthmus of Tehuantepec represents the shortest distance between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. The Isthmus of Panama is shorter but it connects the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean.  Prior to the opening of the Panama Canal, it was a major shipping route known as the Tehuantepec Route.  The name comes from the Nahuatl, tecuani-tepec, which means jaguar hill. At its narrowest point, the isthmus is 192 km across from the Gulf of Mexico to Laguna Superior on the Pacific coast.  The Sierra Madre becomes a plateau, whose elevation at the highest point, Chivela Pass, is 224 m.  The isthmus and the break between the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca and the Sierra Madre de Chiapas geographically divide North America from Central America.  Geologically, the division between North America and Central America tectonic plates lies in Guatemala, farther south than the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.

A Tehauana riding a moto-taxi

La Selva Zoque en la región centro-oriental del istmo es un área de gran importancia ecológica, la mayor área de selva tropical en México con la mayor parte de la biodiversidad terrestre en México. La región del istmo está caliente y palúdica, con excepción de las zonas abiertas, donde los vientos del Océano Pacífico hacen el clima relativamente fresco y saludable. La precipitación media anual en el Atlántico o el lado norte es de cuatro metros. El lado Pacífico tiene un clima más seco. La estrechez del istmo, y la brecha en la Sierra Madre, permita que los vientos alisios desde el Golfo de México a soplar a través del Pacífico. Periódicamente, los vientos fuertes soplan a través del Paso de Chivela y sobre el Golfo de Tehuantepec en la Costa del Pacífico.  Este viento se conoce como Tehuano.

The Selva Zoque in the eastern-central region of the isthmus is an area of great ecological importance, the largest remaining area of tropical rainforest in Mexico with the majority of the terrestrial biodiversity in Mexico. The isthmus region is hot and malarial, except for open areas, where the winds from the Pacific Ocean make the weather comparatively cool and healthy. The annual rainfall on the Atlantic or northern side is four meters.  The Pacific side has a drier climate. The narrowness of the isthmus, and the gap in the Sierra Madre, allow the trade winds from the Gulf of Mexico to blow through to the Pacific. Periodically, strong winds blow through the Chivela Pass and out over the Gulf of Tehuantepec on the Pacific coast. This wind is known as the Tehuano.

An antique 'painted' huipil

An example of a Tehauana dress
La población está compuesta en su mayoría por indígenas zapotecos. Las mujeres dominan en los mercados de Tehuantepec. Conocido como "Tehuanas", estas mujeres son conocidas en todo México por sus coloridos vestidos tradicionales, personalidades asertivas, y relativamente relaciones de igualdad con los hombres. Frida Kahlo adoptaba el vestido tradicional de tehuana como una declaración de solidaridad con estas mujeres. Para velas y otros eventos especiales, las mujeres visten el traje tradicional de Tehuana, que consiste en la ropa pesadamente bordada complementada con cantidades grandes de la joyería de oro.  Esta joyería a menudo contiene monedas antiguas de oro y aretes de filigrana de oro.  La enagua es encaje, mientras la falda y huipil se bordan terciopelo negro. La cubierta de la cabeza, se requiere por el clero para entrar en la iglesia, fue vestido de un niño de encaje usa sobre la cabeza en una de dos maneras, con el cuello del vestido usado alrededor de la cabeza o con la falda lleva como una corona (vea la fotos).  Haga clic aquí para visitar el Museo Textil de Oaxaca.

Antique embroidery

Antique embroidery

The population is composed mostly of indigenous Zapotec people. The women dominate in the markets of Tehuantepec. Known as "Tehuanas", these women are known throughout Mexico for their colorful traditional dress, assertive personalities, and relatively equal relations with men.  Frida Kahlo adopted the traditional dress of Tehuana to express solidarity with these women.  For velas and other special events, women wear the traditional dress of Tehuana, which consists of heavily embroidered velvet garments accessorized with gold jewelry containing old coins and gold filigree earrings. The underskirt is lace while the skirt and huipil are embroidered black velvet.  The head covering, required by the clergy to enter the church, was a lace child’s dress worn over the head in one of two ways, with the top of the dress worn around the head or with the skirt worn as a crown (see photos). For more photos please visit my Picasa web album.
Click here for a visit to the Museo Textil de Oaxaca



Thursday, April 19, 2012

Belber-Jiménez Museo


Diego Rivera gave this necklace to Frida Kahlo.
On the back is an inscription "Te quiero Sapo"

Federico Jiménez, originally from the village of Tutuepec, resides in Southern California where he has been collecting and making jewelry for many years. Today he is a world renowned authority on Mexican silver, Pre-Columbian and Mixtec jewelry. In 1965, Federico and Ellen Belber Jiménez started a collection of jewelry, gold and silver work, textiles and popular art.  This collection is exhibited in the Belber Jiménez Museum.  The museum was opened with a view toward revaluation of these objects as examples of Mexican design and to show how the past serves as inspiration for the present. The Belber Jiménez Museum has four thematic rooms and a room for temporary exhibits. 

From San Pedro Tututepec and in the Jimenez family
 for generations the Mixtec necklace features a bead
 made by the lost wax process with two eagle heads.
Starting in the room of Mexican jewelry and metalwork, where you can observe archeological and colonial pieces, as well as those of an independent Mexico.  There are also the works of
designers of the twentieth century, among whom William Spratling, Antonio Pineda and Matilde Poulat stand out. One of the most popular pieces of the collection is the necklace worn by Frida Kahlo when she died, given to her by Diego Rivera and inscribed with "Te quiero, Sapo" (I love you, Toad). The next room holds diverse expressions of popular Mexican art, from wooden chests from Oaxaca and Guerrero to figures of clay and glazed ceramics from various regions of the country. 


The room dedicated to textiles has principally articles from Oaxaca.  The displays are arranged so that you can see the richness of the weaving on both sides of the pieces.  Finally, the temporary exhibit that inaugurated the Belber Jiménez Museum is dedicated to the textile richness which is found both in the sarapes of Saltillo as well as the weavings of Teotitlán del Valle. An English guidebook is available which describes the background of each exhibit, and there is a store selling jewelry and antiques.  It is located at Matamoros No. 307 at the corner of Tinoco y Palacios, telephone: 514 50 35.  Hours are Monday thru Friday 10.00-14.00 and 16.00-18.00. Saturday 10.00-14.00.  For more pictures and a closer look please visit my picasa web album where you can enlarge the earrings below to admire the filigree.

These earrings from the 18th century are called El Jardin and form a filigree cocoon with coral beads.